✅ Opioids complications
⭐️ respiratory ⬇️
⭐️ CNS ⬇️ : sedation, pupil constriction
⭐️ GI ⬇️: n/v, constipation
⭐️ HR: brady or tachy
⭐️ URO: urinary rentension
Opioids 의 종류
Morphine, Hydromorphone(Dilaudid), oxycodone, hydrocodone, codeine, methadone, meperidine, fentanyl, remifentanyl, tramadol and etc.
Opioids antagonists (마약길항제)
Naloxone (Narcan), Naltrexone, and Nalmefone
*참고 마약성 변비 길항제 narcotic induced constipation
Methynaltrexone, alvimopam
Opioids 사용 시 Assessment
| Body system | Potential Nursing Interventions |
| Renal | ✅ Assess renal function ✅ Monitor I&O ❌ fluid restriction |
| Respiratory | ✅ Monitor RR frequently ✅ Ensure naloxone is available ❌ Place the PCA on hold if RR is less than 18 (→ 10~12) |
| Cardiovascular | ❌ Encourage brisk walking (→fall precaution) ✅ Instruct the client th change positions slowly ✅Assess BP and HR frequently |
| Gastrointestinal | ✅ Administer ondansetron as indicated ❌ Administer methynaltrexone → this is not prophylacti c-used medication. treatment medication for opioid-induced ileus (마비성 장폐색) ✅ Ensure adequate intake of fluids and fiber |
| Urinary | ✅ Assess the bladder frequently ✅ Prompt the client to void every 4 hours ❌ Perform straight catheterizaion every 4 hours |
Common post op complications (비교)
V/S: Hypoxemia and hypoxia, tachycardia, bradycardia, hypotension and hypertension, and shock
pulmonary: aspiration, pneumonia, and atelectasis
GI: nausea and vomiting, paralytic ileus, and constipation
GU: Urinary retension
Surgical related: bleeding, and wound healing problems
Mobility: Thrombis or thrombophlebitis
기타: Hypothermia (shivering), delirium, hypoglycemia, and hyperglycemia
Common opioids complications
CNS depression (sedation)
respiratory depression
Pupil constriction
nausea and vomiting
hypotension, bradycardia
Increase biliary pressure - biliary spasm (그래서 pancreatitis 로 인한 abdominal pain 에서 midazolam 같은거 안주던가?)
Gastric emptying delay - Constipation
Urinary retension
Hypothermia, pruritus and addiction